Vitrectomy: What To Expect with Macular Pucker Surgery and Recovery
89Some surgical procedures are still so new that it is difficult to find enough information on the Internet about them. Such is the case with the macular pucker peel procedure, which has been performed only since about the mid-90’s. I have just had this procedure done on my left eye, and I hope that what I write will help someone who is contemplating the surgery.
A macular pucker, also known as an epiretinal membrane, often occurs as part of the aging process, but sometimes it can be caused by previous trauma, retinal detachment, diabetes, or post-vitreous detachment (PVD). The epiretinal membrane is scar tissue that forms over the macula, the area of the retina responsible for central vision. The membrane creates traction on the retina, resulting in distortion, blurriness, or both. For some people, the distortion makes straight lines look wavy or crooked, and for others, the vision has a patchy quality.
What is the Goal?
The visual impairment created by a macular pucker typically stops at the 20/60 level, but sometimes it can progress beyond that. If aided vision cannot be corrected to better than 20/40, surgery may be a possibility. The goal is to improve visual acuity, reduce some of the distortion, and possibly prevent permanent damage to the macula.
Existing Cataract?
If you already have a cataract formed in the eye with the epiretinal membrane, you need to be aware that the ERM peel surgery will very likely cause a worsening of your cataract.
However, if your cataract is already pretty advanced, you may consider very strongly having the cataract removed before any retinal surgery. Your retinal surgeon has to look directly through your natural lens in order to do the surgery, and a cataract is cloudy and yellow enough to obstruct his view.
In my case, it made better sense for me to have the cataract removed first, followed three months later by the ERM peel. If you take the same route, expect that your retinal specialist will have definite opinions on the type of intraocular lens you select to replace your natural lens. Some IOL’s will make the retinal surgeon’s field of view more uncertain and distorted.
What is Surgery Like?
At the time of surgery, the patient is anesthetized, their eye dilated, and the surgeon inserts trochars and infusion cannulas directly into the eyeball. First the surgeon performs a vitrectomy, which is the removal of the vitreous humor from the eye. The vitreous is later replaced by a saline solution. Next, the surgeon places a special contact lense over the surface of the eye, giving him a window that he can look through in order to see the retina. With the aid of a high-powered microscope and special lighting, the surgeon takes tiny forceps and peels the epiretinal membrane from the macula. This usually takes about 30 minutes, but can take over an hour depending on the texture of the membrane.
What Kind of Anesthesia?
Most frequently, this surgery is performed using a topical anesthetic and light sedation. Some surgeons, like mine, will prefer to put the patient under general anesthesia. This eliminates the possibility of the patient moving during the delicate procedure. Do not assume that your procedure will go exactly the same as what you've read about on a retina surgeon's web site. When in doubt, ask your surgeon what his routine is. If your pre-operative screening involves doing blood work, an EKG, and a chest X-ray, you are most certainly going to be put under all the way. If you are under general anesthesia, most likely the surgical team will give you a nerve block as well.
Video of ERM Surgery
What Kind of Surgical Instruments?
I had state-of-the-art surgery, using either 23 or 25-gauge needles. This means that my surgery was sutureless, and my incisions healed within a week. Within 7 days, all the redness, swelling, and bloodshot quality was gone from my eye, and you would never guess that I had surgery.
If your surgeon is not using the most modern sutureless equipment, I would ask why not, and get a second opinion. If there are no sutures, there is no post-operative pain, and the incisions heal much faster. But with sutures, you are likely to experience some pain, irritation, and grittiness for a while. It does take considerable skill to use the finest needles. Think about the difference to your recovery and healing.
Dyes Used in Surgery?
There should be no need for your surgeon to inject a dye to stain the epiretinal membrane. Some of them might do it so they can see the membrane better, but there is always the possibility that such a dye could be toxic. When in doubt, ask.
Possible Gas Fluid Exchange
On your surgical consent form, you will see listed the possible use of a gas bubble in the patient’s eye.
The most common reason this would occur is that the patient’s retina detached or tore during the procedure, which happens about 2% of the time. You need to know that a retinal detachment is one of the risks of this, or any, eye surgery. Very serious, but hopefully, it won’t happen to you.
Another possible reason for a gas bubble is to insure against any damage which might have occurred during the surgery. Unexpectedly, my surgeon put a short-acting gas bubble in my eye. He made an on-the-spot decision to peel the ILM (inner limiting membrane) as well as the ERM. Based on what he saw, he could not be sure he did not leave a true macular hole, so he inserted the gas bubble as a precaution. Fortunately, after surgery, we found out that everything was OK.
Face-Down Positioning, or Sleeping on Your Stomach
Don't worry. This probably won't be necessary.
The vast majority of patients get up, walk away, and have someone drive them home. That is the extent of what they do, and they take it easy for a couple of days. They can usually lie on their back, prepare meals, and drive a car after the first 24-hour follow-up visit.
But those few patients with a gas bubble need to stay in the face-down position 90% of the time until the doctor says it’s OK to be upright. Since I had a gas bubble, I had to assume face-down positioning for 3 days only. The purpose of this is to exert just the right amount of pressure against your macula, which is located at the back of the eye. When the doctor determines that your macula is all right, he will give you your “get out of jail card.” It is dangerous NOT to do what he says, and you cannot fly in an airplane while you have the gas bubble. With a retinal detachment, the face-down positioning will be more strict, and might have to last for two weeks.
Your vision with a gas bubble in your eye is like looking through a goldfish bowl. When you move, the liquid sloshes around in your eye, but in a matter of days, it goes down, and you can see over the bubble. Gradually it disappears (in my case, it took 10 days to go away).
It’s good to be prepared for anything to happen. I was prepared, so I knew where to rent vitrectomy recovery equipment, and that such equipment may be covered by medical insurance. Try to be aware of any possibility, even if it seems unlikely to happen. Question your surgeon in detail about all of the inherent risks.
Read more about what is involved with face-down recovery.
What Are the Results?
There is not one standard outcome to be expected from this surgery. How much visual improvement you can expect depends on your healing capacity and the length of time the macular pucker has been present in your eye.
This surgery is not like cataract or Lasik or PRK surgery, where the surgeon plugs numbers into a formula, trying to hit a refractive target for your vision. Everyone’s retina heals differently, and some retinas are more damaged than others. However, as a general rule, 85% of the people undergoing this procedure will get some improvement, typically about 2 lines on the eye chart. Another rule of thumb is that he/she will get back 50% of the vision that was lost. Some fortunate patients improve even beyond that and go back to 20/20 vision.
My visual improvement was documented about 2.5 weeks after surgery. Before the surgery, my best corrected vision in my left eye was 20/40. At the 2.5 week point, it was 20/30. About 5 months after surgery, I could see 20/25 out of that eye.
I do have some residual distortion. That's fairly typical. With a successful ERM peel, you will be seeing better through your visual distortion. I know that sounds strange, and none of your explanations will make sense to you or anyone else. Just accept that it's something of a paradox. I had one correspondent who had this surgery, and she said that, although she still has quite a bit of distortion, she can see better because "the central blurriness disappeared as well as the huge floaters and faded spots."
After the surgery, there will be some lasting damage to your macula, however slight. Two months after surgery, one of my ophthalmologists took a picture of the back of my eye, and let me have a look. The macula is supposed to be very regular and spherical. Mine looks like a spinach leaf that an insect decided to nibble on, and not finding it tasty, moved on to the next vegetable.
Hope
I’ve begun to refer to the ERM peel surgery as “Peel and Hope.” Because that is all you can do. With a competent surgeon, you stand an excellent chance of an improvement in visual acuity. And having the surgery just might mean the difference between being able to pass the eye test at the Department of Motor Vehicles, and failing it. I am glad that I had the surgery.
It takes 3 to 6 months for full healing to take place after an ERM peel. I believe the 20/25 aided vision I have now with my left eye is about as good as could be expected.
Research from PubMed
Macular function and ultrastructure of the internal limiting membrane removed during surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane.
Diffractive multifocal intraocular lens interferes with intraoperative view
Outcomes of idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane removal with and without internal limiting membrane peeling: a comparative study.
23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy: a retrospective study of 164 consecutive cases
Disclaimer
The information in this article is not meant to diagnose or treat any disease. If you have any of the symptoms mentioned, consult your personal physician.
Photo Credits
Picture of blue eye from jonycunha
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Thanks very much for this article. It always helps to hear about a first hand account of the process. I had a Vitrectomy on Jan 5th. The procedure like you said was a piece of cake. I was fully under anesthesia temporarily, then awoken during surgery but couldnt feel anything. I was actually able to see the instruments/light in my eye (was pretty cool actually). My vitrectomy was to repair an "optic pit" which I had forever. My retinal specialist finally recommended surgery after years of monitoring. It was getting worse, leaking fluid etc, so now was the time. Since Jan5th, I still have the gas bubble in my eye (albeit a little smaller now). I'm hoping it dissapears shortly. From what I can see past the bubble, it doesnt seem all that improved. It's as if I have a grey line passing through the center of my visual field. My peripheral vision seems clearer, but whatever I am looking directly at is blocked out to an extent. Hoping this improves over time after the gas bubble dissapears.
Just discovered your forum, thanks! I had vitrectomy, ERM peeling and cataract extraction 3 weeks ago, but developed a retinal detachment the day after surgery. I'm having another vitrectomy tomorrow, with gas bubble and cryopexy (freezing). I'm told I'll have to stay upright for the two weeks! yes, even sleeping!. It's been a bit of a rocky road for me, it's good to know I'm not the only one! I'm in the UK, it seem that the combined cataract/vitrectomy/peel operation is done more often here. My condition was called, by various people: epiretinal membrane, macular pucker, cellophane maculopathy, retinal fibrosis. They are all terms for the same thing. I'd like to say that, despite the setback of the detachment (rare, I'm told!) I'm glad I had the surgery, because although there is still some distortion, I am able to see people's faces again, and they don't look like aliens any more! Fingers crossed the detachment repair goes well, If so I will have much better vision than before. Good luck to anyone else having the same thing...Prayers and good wishes. Thank you for posting all you have, there's not much stuff out there to read, and yours is very informative and reassuring.
Thanks for the wonderful information. I'm taking my time to decide. Do you know if age affects outcome?
I just went to my eye clinic's website and it says that Macular Pucker is another name for Premacular Fibrosis. I'm glad I checked. I'm in the right area after all.
I've learned a lot here. And have a ton of questions to ask my doctor. Thank you! May I ask if surgery is successful if performed sooner rather than later? I'm wondering if I can put the decision for surgery off for a few months or if I need to decide soon.
I'm sorry, the doctor kept using the term a pucker in the Macula, but said it was Premacula Fibrosis. He said he would use a gas bubble in the eye, and that generally the surgery is about 85% successful, but because there is a split in the Pucker it lowered the odds of a good outcome. It sounds very much like what you have described here, but I will also go to medhelp.
I did learn a lot about gas bubbles here. Do you mind if I ask if you have to lay on a specific side of the body at night following surgery? It is my left eye. They tell me I will have to sit head down for a week.
Thank you
I have macular Fibrosis with a split in the macula. I've been given the option of surgery, but the doctor tell me it's only 50% effective. I have a question: If the surgery fails what will I be able to see, light, colors, shapes? Will I be able to see using my peripheral vision?
Right now I can see out of the eye but everything is distorted. I need to know what I'm risking if I try the surgery and it fails. The doctor neither encouraged me to have the surgery but he didn't discourage me. I have a decision to make and want to be as informed as possible. Right now this is seriously affecting my life, but I'm not sure what the risk is if I have the operation and it fails. How will my vision be affected?
Any information would be appreciated!
Like everyone else, I thank you for putting together such a comprehensive article. I have had the macular pucker for at least 15 - 20 years, maybe longer. I did nothing about it because I could still see perfectly well as my left eye is fine. I think I was in my late thirties before I started wearing glasses for reading and now I also wear them for distance. I had a CDL licence until one year ago when I failed the Registry of Motor Vehicle eye exam, but I can still drive on a regular license. With my right eye, I can not even see what direction the biggest E is on the eye chart . I think I was told that eye is 20/400. My eyeglasses have a plain lens for that eye rather than what might have to be coke bottle thick. Four years ago a doctor recommended against surgery. I can't come up with a good reason to do it since now I can see fine with the other eye and there is no evidence of any problem with that good eye. I saw a new Optometrist yesterday who said he had never seen a cellophane ???? like mine so referred me to a retina specialist. I saw him one day later and I would say he was very non committal. Is my thinking that repairing the bad eye (with absolutely no guarantee that it will come with any success)only when and if the good eye is injured sound thinking or not? I know your answer will include talk it over with your Opthalmologist, which I will have a chance to do in 6 months at my next check-up, but I value an outsiders opinion.
Hello,
Thanks for this site. I am schedule for surgery for macular pucker + cataract next month. I am terrified (I am scared of any needle!). Anyway, my question is: I work on a computer all day long. How long do you think it will be after my surgery until I am able to work (and drive) again?
I had a retinal hole surgery 4 years ago. It was very difficult post surgery time with the gas bubble and beeing with head dawn for 2 slid weeks which caused me painful sansation in my neck jow and even swalloing because of being face dawn for so long the gravity resulted in much discomfort.
I wish I had your amazing artical regarding retinal hole surgery prior to having it done.
my problem is that I did not gain my sight . My Doctor said it is because my retinal hole was large and possibly old and I should be thankful that the hole itself is closed. The sight in this (R) eye is 20/200 after 4 years . I also had the cataract surgery one year after the retinal hole surgery, and with corrective eye glasses iI still see half of the images andas well as the imagaes are distorted like shifting in and out. I am so heart broken and scared as now my vison on the (L) eye is weaker despite havin had the cataract surgery on it as well about one year ago. Can you please offer me a glimps of hope? Thank you again for sharing your experience and knoldge.
Hope
Grace,
Thank you so much for such good informative and detailed article - I have been doing a lot of research about this operation , my husband is scheduled to have it done in January .
Your article is one of the best ones that I found and it gave me a lot of reassurance. My husband does not research or asked the doctor many questions- he just puts his entire trust on the doctor, but I have been worried about it because it is such a delicate operation where the skill of the doctor counts so much.
One think that I have to ask the doctor who has been monitoring my husband for about 9 months and the last visit which was just yesterday he decided to schedule him for surgery right away because after looking at new picture of the macula he said that my husband had developed some edema so his condition had worsened- he then prescribed steroid drops 4x a day and some other kind of drops to bring the swelling down- but I have to ask the doctor that if the swelling goes down should he wait and continue monitoring the eye to see if it stays down in which case there should be no need for the surgery.
Did you have any edema?
Your comment would be appreciated
Thank you
Chris
No doubt, this is the more realistic and helpful commentary concerning this procedure. I'm 5 days out from ERM. Thanks very much for the candor and optimism presented here.
I had a right eye vitrectomy 8 months ago(Feb 2011).My eye was bloodshot for quite a few weeks One of the porthole sites continued to bleed slightly,so was given steroid drops. It was about 8 weeks before my eye was Blood Free
My vision improved after surgery, however Im having probs again with very blurred vision in the same eye. My optician says I have a Cataract which needs removal.
I expected that this could happen as a result of the Surgical Trauma (Vitrectomy) but Im shocked that its happened so Quickly. Im 62 yrs young
i am 72 and have had macula pucker abouut 5 months i just woke up with a sore head and double vison i went to hospital thinking i had a stroke now i find it might be this macula can any one recommend a place that wont cost a fortune in thailand to fix please
Thanks.
I forgot to mention that I have a small amount of blood inside my eye. Much like a drop of wine in the bottom of the glass. It moves around and leaves Trails.
How is this blood going to disappear?
I have a post op on wed. Should I be worried?
Hi i had my epiretinal membrane removed two days ago.
they put air in my eye instead of gas. they never mentioned anything about being face down. they said sleep on your side the first day then don't worry about it.
My eye is 80% red and i am looking through what looks like a thick bloody fish bowl.
Is this normal.
I will see the retina specialist today and ask more questions. Bromday costs over 100.00 Dollars, not inexpensive. I was told that there is some swelling.
You have been of great help to me,
IRMA
Alisa I will be praying for you my love do not panic
your eyesight will come back. Please go back to your doctor and tell him the symptons do not panic sometimes it takes a good few weeks for the eyesight to come back.
God is great please pray I will also pray for you my love
do not forget there is a light at the end of the tunnel.
Ari
Had a collapsed retina with macular detachment. Prior to surgery, I saw only darkness. During surgery, scar tissue was removed, retina reattached, vitrectomy & gas bubble.
Two days later and I still see nothing. I can detect so light. As if closing your eye and looking at a light bulb. Is there more going on that isn't being detected? Am I going to regain any sight?
I would like to know if anyone had to use Bromday eye drops and if they helped.
Thanks you, Irma
I have had a macular pucker in left eye for about a year and am thinking of undergoing the surery. I think you mentioned or I read that the sooner the surgery, the better the results may be. Is that true? Should I have it asap since it has been a year.
And as a side, it seems like everyone who has written here has had the pucker in the left eye.
I had a torn retina and had the gas bubble surg. I had a large tear and was to keep my face down two weeks. I healed in 7 days. I am still looking through the bubble but it is getting smaller. I still do not know how well I will see but I had the best Retina spec.
So glad you were able to get your sight improved.
I have MacTel and I have yet to find anyway of getting something done for it. I have to keep my left eye closed just to be able to read.
So much good information on this hub.
I just had retina detachment surgery Thursday. The surgeon inserted gas in my eye which was no surprise to me because I have had 2 previous surgeries for the same thing. Could you please tell me why you cannot fly with the gas in your eye? My mother is dying in Texas and doctor said I can't fly for maybe a month.
I have ERM. My Optometrist told me to take Bromday and at the some time he told me that it only helps in 10% of cases.I took only the sample he gave me. Now I have a retina specalist and again he gave me a sample of Bromday and talking with the the nurse and the Pharmacist I will take Flurbripofen. Has anyone improved with Bromday?
now i feel comfortable after reading your article here ..i had my right eye surgery same as what you had . it was done here in calgary alberta Dr.A. Kherani is the best retinal specialist surgeon ..i only had 24 hrs. facedown the next day i was told that i can sleep on my back and side gas bubble is gone in 10m days then could drive and back to work after 4 weeks ..i am 62 yrs. old 4, 9.5 " tall weighing 50 lbs ....
my 11 year old son had a 3 hour surgery on right eye as he had tear,doc used band,oil and gas bubble to repair,its been 2 weeks and he feels pressure when moving,is this normal?
First of all, I am really glad to read that your vision is on its best way ro return to you :)
Reading your detailed entry about ERM surgery is a boost to put myself under this procedure too.
I've got a serious handycap because my visual acuity on my left eye is around 0.16 (it is 20/125 on the chart used in the US). It is probably caused by RPD which I have since 3 years, however, the pucker has occured only a few months ago.
I am far from feeding any vast hopes about the procedure's effecttiveness in my case, but I am planning to share all my experiences about recovering from this deep. The guy who going to do the surgery is one of the most famous eye professionals in my country, this gives me some hope. The counterpart is that I already lost my vision with my right eye completely after a quick and unmanageable retinal detachment.
If you have a gas bubble, it could take 2 - 8 weeks to go away: Developing a small gas bubble in the eye is a common occurrence with this type of surgery. Don't worry, it will go away on its own after 2 to 8 weeks. Hospital for Retinal Detachment Surgery in Thailand
I just returned home from nursing my mom, who has undergone a peel on her left eye. Mom had a cataract removed two months ago, in preparation for this procedure. Because the surgeon repaired a tear, and tried to thin the retina, mom was the recipient of a "gas bubble". It has been 4 days since her surgical ordeal, and still she can see absolutely nothing...needless to say she has become quite anxious. When tilting her head the bubble has very dark edges, is this normal... and when can she expect to "see the light"? Thanks for your informative and encouraging site...Rosie
I had a vitrectomy almost six weeks ago and now have PVR. I will most likely have a Macular Pucker Surgery next month but I am traveling to Seattle this next week and would like to have a doctor there just in case I need one. Anyone you can recommend?
Hi, I have just had a vitrectomy and in the surgery I had 2 tears and so had to have the eye frozen and laser surgery to try to seal the tears . I now have gas in my eye and have to lie on my side for 10 days whilst having 3 lots of drops in the eye 4 times a day.
I have read plenty of negative articles since the surgery and can't help but think that the risks and chances of future surgery may have made me think twice if I had set aside more time to research . Although most things are generally documented from negative experiences!!! I did find your article lifting a cloud from my doubt ..... Thank you :)
Sorry, I forget to mention that I am from Argentina. I was operated in Buenos Aires, by a Doctor I think is very skillful in retinal surgery. He works since 15 years on this and I think he also use the last updated instruments.
Surgery, both for cataract and ERM lasts only 30 minutes with locala anaesthesia and, as I said, I return to home at the end of surgery. Next dat I return for removing the patch. A little air bubble inyected during surgery (it bounced as a friendly ball) disappeared in 2 days with no care for positioning.
Bersdt regards.-
Thank you very much. It is a very useful article for people that have an ERM problem. Is difficult to find one as this.
I was operated 10 days ago, simultaneously by cataract and ERM. I went to home after surgery and, until today, I found that operation was well done. I have to return to my Doctor next Monday. I'll post any news.
Best regards.-
I am very pleased to find more information related to macular pucker. I was diagnosed with it 2 years ago and have adjusted somewhat. I have difficulty reading and rely mostly on my right eye for far vision. I had lasik about 6 years ago and went the monovision route and glad I did for I have excellent vision in my right eye to compensate for the left one. I am due back for another check up. I wish there was another alternative than the vitrectomy. I travel a great deal for my job so I am very anxious about the thought of surgery.
Hi
I'm considering having this surgery and found your article to be one of the most informative about the "nuts and bolts" side of things. Gave me a list of questions to ask my opthalmologist.
Thank you for posting your surgery experience. I am scheduled to have a macular pucker repair and a macular hole repair in a months time. You helped me understand the surgical options and the post operation recovery process. I'll post my experience after the surgery.
Very detailed report on your surgery. Hope your vision continues to improve. My problem is finding out if my Surgeon is really good or not. Ideas? I just may call my primary and also call the surgeon for other patient's thoughts and recommendations.
I HAD SURGERY ON JULY 1ST. IN SEATTLE FROM A RETINAL SPECIALIST...HE IS GREAT...THIS IS MY SECOND EYE THAT I HAVE HAD DONE......I WAS IN AND OUT IN ABOUT 1 HR AND ON MY WAY HOME....I HAVE A BUBBLE IN MY EYE BUT I DO NOT HAVE TO DO THE FACE DOWN....I JUST HAVE TO SLEEP ON MY SIDE FOR 5-7 DAYS....AND WEAR A CLEAR PLASTIC COVER ON MY EYE AT NIGHT...THE DAY AFTER SURGERY (5 DAYS AGO) WHEN I WENT BACK MY VISION WAS SO MUCH BETTER...I DO HAVE SOME WHILE LINES THAT HE SAID WOULD GO AWAY....PIECE OF CAKE !!HE WATCHED MY RIGHT EYE FOR ALONG TIME BEFORE MAKING A DECISION TO DO SURGERY BECAUSE I WAS CLOSE TO GETTING A HOLE IN RETINA. I CANNOT DRIVE YET BECAUSE IT IS ONLY 5 DAYS AND THE GAS BUBBLE GETS IN MY WAY WHEN I TRY AND LOOK DOWN :)....I GO BACK FOR A RECHECK AT TWO WEEKS....PLEASE CHECK OUR YOUR DOCTOR FIRST ...MY PRIMARY CARE DR. LOOKED HIM UP FOR ME AND SAID "WOW" WHAT CREDENTIALS....SO GOOD LUCK ALL
Superb article on Victrectomy. Informative, and reassuring information for anyone about to have this operation done.
This is the first positive article I've read on this type of surgery. Thanks for your comments. You have given me a better outlook.











gracenotes Hub Author 3 months ago
Sal, this was very interesting, so thanks for your account. I really hope your gas bubble disappears soon.